VIRUS
Struktur Virus:
o Terdiri atas materi genetik berupa DNA atau RNA
o Materi genetik dilindungi oleh selubung protein yang disebut dengan kapsid yang ersusun atas kapsomer
o Kapsid bersama materi genetik disebut dengan nukleokapsid
o Partikel lengkap virus disebut dengan virion
o Terdiri atas materi genetik berupa DNA atau RNA
o Materi genetik dilindungi oleh selubung protein yang disebut dengan kapsid yang tersusun atas kapsomer
o Kapsid bersama materi genetik disebut dengan nukleokapsid
o Partikel lengkap virus disebut dengan virion
o Bentuk tubuh virus pada umumnya dibagi menjadi bentuk helikal (ulir) dan ikosahedral
Cara Hidup Virus:
o Virus tidak dapat hidup di alam secara bebas, melainkan harus berada di dalam sel makhluk hidup yang lain
o virus harus dibiakkan di dalam jaringan makhluk hidup. Di laboratorium, virus dapat dibiakkan di dalam embrio telur ayam
Reproduksi/Daur Hidup Virus
1. Tipe litik
a. adsorbsi, yaitu menempelnya ekor virus pada dinding sel bakteri pada daerah reseptor (penerima) yang khusus
b. injeksi, yaitu masuknya materi genetik virus ke dalam sel inang
c. sintesis, yaitu DNA virus mengadakan replikasi diri menjadi banyak, kemudian mengadakan sintesis protein kapsid; terbentuklah DNA virus dan kapsid dalam jumlah banyak
d. perakitan, yaitu dimasukannya DNA virus dalam kapsid; terbentuk 100 – 200 virus baru
e. litik, yaitu sel inang mengalami lisis atau kejang sehingga virus-virus baru terhambur
2. Tipe lisogenik
a. adsorbsi, yaitu menempelnya ekor virus pada dinding sel bakteri pada daerah reseptor (penerima) yang khusus
b. injeksi, yaitu masuknya materi genetik virus ke dalam sel inang
c. pengabungan, yaitu DNA virus menyisip ke dalam DNA bakteri; DNA virus disebut profag
d. pembelahan, yaitu jika sel bakteri membelah menjadi 2. DNA virus juga ikut dalam proses pembelahan itu sehingga setiap sel anak bakteri mengandung profag
e. sintetis, yaitu DNA virus mereplikasi diri dan mensintesis protein kapsid
f. perakitan, yaitu DNA virus masuk ke dalam kapsid
g. litik, yaitu sel bakteri mengalami lisis (pecah)
daur litik pada perkembangbiakan virus.
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